Giải các phương trình sau :
LG a
\(2{\tan ^2}x + 3 = {3 \over {\cos x}}\)
Lời giải chi tiết:
\(\begin{array}{l}
PT \Leftrightarrow 2.\frac{{{{\sin }^2}x}}{{{{\cos }^2}x}} + 3 = \frac{3}{{{{\cos }^2}x}}\\
\Leftrightarrow 2.\frac{{1 - {{\cos }^2}x}}{{{{\cos }^2}x}} + 3 = \frac{3}{{{{\cos }^2}x}}\\
\Leftrightarrow 2\left( {\frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}x}} - 1} \right) + 3 = \frac{3}{{{{\cos }^2}x}}
\end{array}\)
Đặt \(t = {1 \over {\cos x}}\left( {x \ne {\pi \over 2} + k\pi } \right)\)
Ta có:
\(\eqalign{ & 2\left( {{t^2} - 1} \right) + 3 = 3t \cr &\Leftrightarrow 2{t^2} - 3t + 1 = 0 \cr & \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\matrix{ {t = 1} \cr {t = {1 \over 2}} \cr } } \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\matrix{ {\cos x = 1} \cr {\cos x = 2\,\left( \text{loại} \right)} \cr } } \right. \cr &\Leftrightarrow x = k2\pi \cr} \)
Cách khác:
LG b
\({\tan ^2}x = {{1 + \cos x} \over {1 + \sin x}}\)
Lời giải chi tiết:
Điều kiện : \(\cos x \ne 0 \Leftrightarrow x = {\pi \over 2} + k\pi \)
\(\eqalign{ & {\tan ^2}x = {{1 + \cos x} \over {1 + \sin x}} \cr &\Leftrightarrow {{{{\sin }^2}x} \over {{{\cos }^2}x}} = {{1 + \cos x} \over {1 + \sin x}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow {{1 - {{\cos }^2}x} \over {1 - {{\sin }^2}x}} = {{1 + \cos x} \over {1 + \sin x}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow \frac{{1 - {{\cos }^2}x}}{{\left( {1 - \sin x} \right)\left( {1 + \sin x} \right)}} = \frac{{1 + \cos x}}{{1 + \sin x}}\cr & \Leftrightarrow {{1 - {{\cos }^2}x} \over {1 - \sin x}} = 1 + \cos x \cr &(Do\, 1+\sin x\ne 0)\cr & \Rightarrow 1 - {\cos ^2}x = \left( {1 - \sin x} \right)\left( {1 + \cos x} \right) \cr &\Leftrightarrow \left( {1 + \cos x} \right)\left( {1 - \cos x} \right) - \left( {1 - \sin x} \right)\left( {1 + \cos x} \right) = 0 \cr &\Leftrightarrow \left( {1 + \cos x} \right)\left( {1 - \cos x - 1 + \sin x} \right) = 0 \cr &\Leftrightarrow \left( {1 + \cos x} \right)\left( {\sin x - \cos x} \right) = 0 \cr &\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}1 + \cos x = 0\\\sin x = \cos x\end{array} \right.\cr & \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\matrix{ {\cos x = - 1} \cr {\tan x = 1} \cr } } \right. \cr &\Leftrightarrow \left[ {\matrix{ {x = \pi + k2\pi } \cr {x = {\pi \over 4} + k\pi } \cr }\left( {k \in\mathbb Z} \right) } \right. \cr} \)
LG c
\(\tan x + \tan 2x = {{\sin 3x} \over {\cos x}}\)
Lời giải chi tiết:
Điều kiện
\(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
\cos x \ne 0\\
\cos 2x \ne 0
\end{array} \right. \) \(\Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
x \ne \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi \\
x \ne \frac{\pi }{4} + \frac{{k\pi }}{2}
\end{array} \right.\)
\(\eqalign{ & {\mathop{\rm tanx}\nolimits} + tan2x = {{\sin 3x} \over {\cos x}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sin x}}{{\cos x}} + \frac{{\sin 2x}}{{\cos 2x}} = \frac{{\sin 3x}}{{\cos 3x}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sin x\cos 2x + \cos x\sin 2x}}{{\cos x\cos 2x}} = \frac{{\sin 3x}}{{\cos 3x}}\cr &\Leftrightarrow {{\sin 3x} \over {\cos x\cos 2x}} = {{\sin 3x} \over {\cos x}} \cr & \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sin 3x - \sin 3x\cos 2x}}{{\cos x\cos 2x}} = 0\cr &\Rightarrow \sin 3x - \sin 3x\cos 2x=0 \cr &\Leftrightarrow \sin 3x\left( {1 - \cos 2x} \right) = 0 \cr & \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\matrix{ {\sin 3x = 0} \cr {\cos 2x = 1} \cr } } \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\matrix{ {\sin 3x = 0} \cr {\sin x = 0} \cr } } \right.\cr &\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{{k\pi }}{3}\\x = k\pi \end{array} \right.\cr &\Leftrightarrow x = k{\pi \over 3},k \in\mathbb Z \cr} \)
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